Approximately half of the world’s population is a legend metabolizer of caffeine, that is, has some change in the genetic variant in CYP1A2. An intake Excessive of caffeine, commonly caused by the high intake of coffee, which is a traditional beverage to people’s eating habits, can cause a higher probability of adverse health effects, especially hypertensive patients. In this sense, read to the end to find out whether or not people with high blood pressure can drink coffee.
Caffeine Metabolism
Data from a study published in 2022 in the journal JAMA confirms that caffeine detoxification done on cytochrome P450 1A2 and its varying genetic modifications are predisposing factors by affecting the total rate of caffeine clearance, which may be associated at some point with kidney dysfunction. That is, slow metabolizers of caffeine are up to 2.7 times more likely to present a picture of albuminuria followed by a 2.5-fold chance of progressing with hyperfiltration in the kidneys.
High Blood Pressure and Kidney Health
Thus, we know that arterial hypertension alone is already a predisposing factor for the involvement of lesions in the renal system. Associated with low metabolization of caffeine in situations of exaggerated consumption, such pathology is aggravated. For those patients who have prediabetes, diabetes and prehypertension when consuming caffeine excessively during the day, hyperfiltration ( >150 mL/min / 1.73 m) can happen and progress to more severe kidney damage.
Safe Coffee Consumption in Hypertension
As a result of the aforementioned study, 604 participants were genotyped and those who had genetic variants for CYP1A2
at rs762551 and who were associated with a slow caffeine metabolism. were more susceptible to developing kidney disease. It is worth mentioning that such a possibility was only verified from a exaggerated consumption. Therefore, for patients with high blood pressure coffee consumption should be moderate to less than 300 mg of caffeine per day in order to preserve the functioning of the kidneys.
Thus, from the data presented, we can infer that hypertensive patients can indeed consume coffee.. However, a safe consumption of caffeine by hypertensive patients is among the 1 to 3 cups of coffee per day. Therefore, moderation in the consumption of coffee, teas containing caffeine and also energy drinks should be a habit incorporated into a healthy lifestyle in order to prioritize quality of life, well-being and health as a whole.
Clinical practice
In a practical way, biochemical tests are auxiliary tools for monitoring the general health and especially the health of the renal system. In addition, it is of paramount importance to monitor the damage generated by persistently high blood pressure values. In this way, follow the values of creatinine, albumin, as well as calculating the glomerular filtration rate of the hypertensive should be a priority for the health professional.
Bibliographic references
Article:
Genetic variation of CYP1A2, coffee intake and renal dysfunction
Mahdavi S, Palatini P, El-Sohemy A. Genetic variation CYP1A2 , coffee intake and renal dysfunction. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2247868. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.47868
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