What is it?
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic non-transmissible disease, acquired and modifiable with lifestyle factors, despite having an important genetic risk factor. DM2 is a potent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but also for blindness, renal failure and lower limbs amputation, decreasing the quality of life of affected people.
How does it work?
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not properly take advantage of the insulin produced, that is, it is associated with insulin resistance. The cause of type 2 diabetes is directly related to overweight, sedentary lifestyle, elevated triglycerides, hypertension, altered lipid profile, polycystic ovary syndrome, and inadequate eating habits.
How to diagnose Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
The diagnosis of diabetes can be made by identifying hyperglycemia. For this, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (TOTG) and glycated hemoglobin (A1c) can be used. In some situations, screening is recommended in asymptomatic patients. The diagnostic values for DM2 are fasting plasma glucose greater than 125 mg/dl, blood glucose two hours after an overload of 75 g of glucose greater than 199 mg/dl or HbA1c greater than 6.4%.
Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Some nutrients such as monounsaturated fatty acids, low glycemic index carbohydrates, plant proteins and some minerals, microbiota and vitamins play a key role in preventing diseases, reducing their risks and mortality. On the other hand, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, red meat proteins, high glycemic index carbohydrate content and food additives can increase the risk, especially if combined with other risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle and overweight/obesity.
References
Article: Jiménez-Cortegana C, et al. Nutrients and Dietary Approaches in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients
. 2021; 13(11):4150.
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