What is it?
Diabetes mellitus is a disease that contributes to the increase in mortality worldwide, can be divided into type 1 diabetes, type 2, gestational and other types of diabetes, being type II the most common and is mainly associated with lifestyle as sedentary lifestyle and obesity that corroborate the emergence of insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia.
Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
The criteria used for the diagnosis of diabetes are from the Brazilian Diabetes Society:
- Fasting glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl;
- Oral glucose tolerance test (2 hours post-overload of 75 g of glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl.);
- Symptoms such as polyuria and polydipsia, along with weight loss associated with casual ≥ 200 mg/dl.
How does Diabetes Mellitus work?
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Pancreatic beta cells are destroyed autoimmunely by reducing or ceasing insulin production by the body. It can also occur idiopathically, i.e., the cause of origin of the disease is unknown.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: Theperipheral insulin resistance and the main metabolic changes are the state of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. The etiology is complex, but it is strongly related to obesity.
Other types of diabetes: They are unusual manifestations of diabetes and are related to genetic defects, for example. In addition, there is gestational diabetes that is developed during pregnancy and causes a risk to fetal and maternal health.
Reference
Article
Diabetes Gestational Melitus
: Mougiou, V., Boutsikou, T., Sokou, R., Kollia, M., Valsami, S., Pouliakis, A., Boutsikou, M., Politou, M., Iacovidou, N., & Iliodromiti, Z. (2022). Gestational Diabetes Melitus and Cord Blood Platelet Function Studied via the PFA-100 System. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
, 12
(7), 1645. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071645
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